剑桥雅思10阅读：Test3雅思阅读PASSAGE1真题+答案+解析

Passage1

　　The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism

　　旅游的背景，意义和范畴

　　A Travel has existed since the beginning of time, whenprimitive man set out, often traversing great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his survival. Throughout the course of history, people have travelled for purposes of trade, religious conviction, economic gain, war, migration and other equally compelling motivations. In the Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and high government officials also travelled for pleasure. Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and Herculaneum afforded citizens the opportunity to escape to their vacation villas in order to avoid the summer heat of Rome. Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and, throughout recorded history, has played a vital role in the development of civilisations and their economies.

　　A. 自从上帝创造了万物以来，旅行就已经存在了：那时原始人启程，常常穿越很远的距离搜寻猎物，这些猎物提供了生存所必需的食物以及衣物。贯穿人类历史，人类为了贸易、宗教信仰、经济所得、战争、移民以及其他同样具有吸引力的动机而旅行。在罗马时代，独有的贵族以及政府官员同样为了享乐而旅行。坐落在 Pompeii 和 Herculaneum 的海边度假胜地给人们提供了一个逃离到度假别墅的机会，从而避免了罗马夏日的酷暑。除了在黑暗时代，旅游是一直在发展的，而且人类历史自从有记录以来，旅游在文明发展以及经济发展当中起到了极为关键的作用。

　　B Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World War and thesubsequent development of the jet aircraft in the 1950s signalled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. This growth led to the development of a major new industry: tourism. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a means of earning foreign exchange.

　　B.如今，我们知道的大众旅游的形式是20世纪独有的现象。历史学家们认为，大众旅游的出现开始于英国工业革命时期，因为它伴随着中产阶级的崛起和容易获取到的相对廉价的交通方式。第二次世界大战过后的商业、航空工业的创造以及之后20世纪60年代的喷气式飞机的发展，标志着跨国旅游的增长与扩张。这种增长导致了一个主要的新的工业的发展：旅游业。反过来，国际旅游的发展成为的要事，因为它不仅提供了新的就业机会，也产生了创造外汇的新途径。

　　C Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most industrialised countries over the past few years the fastest growth has been seen in the area of services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognised as an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism.According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world onvirtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions’. In 1992, the industry's gross output was estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12 per cent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the world's largest employer with almost 130 million jobs, or almost 7 percent of all employees. This industry is the world's leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 per cent of the world's gross national product and accounting for capital investment inexcess of $422 billion in direct, indirect and personal taxes cadi year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and the effects on employment, on society itself.

　　C.今天，在经济以及社会价值方面，旅游业地位都显著。大多教的工业化在过去的几十年，都在服务业领域经历了最的发展。尽管在有些当中，旅行和旅游业在很大程度上并不被认为是一个实体，但他们却是服务业的几个板块之一。根据世界旅游与旅游协会的资料(1992)，‘几乎用任何一种经济指标衡量，旅行和旅游业都是世界上的产业，这些指标包括增值资本投资、就业以及税收贡献。’在1992 年，工业总产值估计为3.5 万亿美元，比全部消费支出的 12%还要多。创造了1.3亿个就业岗位(差不多全部就业人口的7%)，旅行和旅游业雇佣的人数最多。这一产业是的产业贡献者，每年它产出了超过6%的世界国民生产总值，占据了超过来源于直接、间接以及个人税收4220亿美金的资本投资。因此，旅游业不仅对世界经济有着深远的影响，而且由于旅游的教育性意义和对就业的作用，对社会本身也有深远的影响。

　　D However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry includes: hotels, motels and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions and other leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the tourism industry involves concepts that have remainedamorphous to both analysts and decision makers.Moreover, in all nations this problem has made it difficult for the industry to develop any type of reliable or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to regional, national and global economics. However, the nature of this very diversitymakes travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions or communities.

　　D.旅行和旅游业隐藏了或者模糊了它的经济影响，其主要问题是这一工业的多样性与不完整性。旅游产业包括：酒店、汽车旅馆和其他形式的住宿业;餐厅以及其他形式的食物供应行业;交通服务以及设施;游乐场、旅游景点、和其他休闲设施;礼品商店以及大量的其他企业。因为这些企业也服务本地居民，游客消费的影响容易被忽略或者低估。另外，Meis (1992)指出旅游业涉及一些对于分析家以及政策制定者而言都觉得无定形的、抽象的概念。更进一步说，在所有，这一问题使得旅游业难以开发任何形式的有效而可信的旅游信息库来测算旅游业对地区、甚至全球的经济贡献。但是这种多样性的本质使得旅行和旅游业成为许多、地区或者是社群经济发展的理想工具。

　　E Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner (1990) suggest that tourism has become the largestcommodity in international trade for many nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third. For example, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and most Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. However, because of problems of definition, which directly affectstatistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data about the extent of world-wide tourism participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.

　　E.旅行和旅游业过去曾经是有钱人独享的领城，现在却已成为大多数人习惯的生活方式。事实上，McIntosh 和 Goeldner (1990)指出，对于，旅游业已成了跨国贸易中的的商品，对于其他数量的而言，旅游业也排在了第二位或第三位。例如，旅游业是百慕大、希腊、意大利、西班牙、瑞士和大多数加勒比海的收入来源。另外，Hawkins 和 Ritchie 引用美国运通公司的数据，指出旅行和旅游产业在巴哈马、巴西、加拿大、法国、(前)西德、香港、意大利、牙买加、日本、新加坡、英国、美国是雇佣员工最多的产业。但是由于定义的问题直接影响到了统计性的测量，确定地提出精确、有效、可靠的关于世界范围旅游业参与程度以及其经济影响的数据是不大可能的。在情况下，当人们试图测量国内的旅游业时，相似的问题也出现了。

　剑桥10test3雅思阅读Section1题目答案解析

　　考题解析

　　Questions 1-4

　　题型归类：List of Headings

　　题目解析：

　　问题1：B段第4句本段前三句出现了具体名词和数字，具体描写了旅游业的形成过程、第4句是前面描写过程的总结概括本题答案为ii。

　　问题2：C段第1句通过首句和尾句意义相呼应可知，本段主旨在段首。本题答案为i。

　　问题3：D段第1句本段第2句为原因，解释说明了第1句中的观点。再通过后面符句子句首表示顺承关系的连接词可知，后面的句子也是解释说明观点的分论点。本题答案为v。

　　问题4：E段第2句由第3句句首的“For example”可知，本段的观点应出现在第3句之前。通过本段第2句中“suggest that”找到人物观点。第2句为标题vii的具体表现。题答案为vii。

　　Questions 5-10

　　题型归类：TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

　　本题型可先看题目，将其中关键词划出，回文章查找。如果关键词只是同义替换，逻辑未变，则答案为TRUE;如果关键词中有一个性质错误或者意义相反，则答案为FALSE;如果有一个关键词缺失，则答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　5The largest employment figuresThe largest employment figuresC段倒数第7行可通过定位词先定位到文章C段倒数第7行。文章中清楚提供的信息“the world's largest employer”对应题目中“The largest employment figures”。

　　本题答案为TRUE。

　　6over six per cent. Australian gross national productOver six per cent, Australian gross national productC段可通过数字“over six per cent”定位到文章C段倒数第5行，但是在本句话中并未出现与“Australian”相关的信息。本题答案为TON GIVEN。

　　7social impactPromotes recreationC段由前面List of Headings题目可知，本题答案出现在C段。再通过前面第6是答案的位置可知本题答案应出现在C段最后1句中。但题目中“promotes recreation”或与其相对应的同义替换信息并未出现在本句中。

　　本题答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　8Two main features, economic significancedifficult to ascertainD段第1句通过定位词定位到文章D段句。文章本句中“the major problems…that have hidden, or obscured”对应题目中“difficult to ascertain”。文章本句中“the diversity and fragmentation”是题目中“Two main features”的具体表现。本题答案为TRUE。

　　9Visitor, residentsgreater thanD段通过定位词可大致定位到文章D段第7行。本句中“local residents”和“visitors”均出现，但文章并未在两者之间进行比较。

　　本题答案为NOT GIVEN。

　　10tourism affects individual economieseasy to show statisticallyE段倒数第4行通过考点词和定位词定位到文章E段倒数第2句;文章中“it is not possible with any degree of ,certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data”与题目中“easy”直接相反。

　　本题答案为FALSE。

　　Questions 11-13

　　题型归类：Sentence Completion

　　本题型是按照文章顺序出题，可按出题顺序解题。

　　11In GreeceE 段第5行通过题目中的专用名词定位到文章E段第6行。文章中“the major”对应题目中“the most important”。

　　本题答案为source of income 或industry

　　12In JamaicaE段倒数第7行通过题目中的专用名词定位到文章E段倒数第6行。文章中“the number one ranked”对应题目中“the major”。

　　本题答案为employer。

　　13Problems, measuring international tourism, measurement ofE段最后一句通过前面题目的答案位置和定位词定位到文章最后一句。

　　本题答案为domestic tourism。