雅思写作：敲黑板，你还无法正确表达‘比例’吗?

   　在雅思写作小作文书写过程中，比例是大概率会出现的描述对象，同学都很有可能会写下如下错句，并且还为自己用了些许less common words 而沾沾自喜：

　　1. The percentage of electricity produced by coal accounted for 40% in 1980.❌

　　2. The proportion of electricity produced by coal constituted 40% in 1980. ❌

　　如果有还看不出来上述句子中错误的同学，亦或是对于比例句型的同义替换还束手无策的同学，快跟着小航继续往下看哦，蒋老师特别为大家精心整理了一些剑桥真题中的例句，并且详细分了类!

　　01、基础句型或括号解释

　　基础句型：the proportion 是多少。

　　1. Couples generally tended to be better, with lower poverty levels for couples without children (7%) than those with children (12%). C4T1

　　夫妻一般倾向于呈现的家庭水平，与没有孩子的夫妇相比(12%)，没有孩子的夫妇(7%)的贫困水平更低。

　　2. By contrast, more women held undergraduate diplomas(70%) and marginally more women reached degree level(55%). C4T3

　　相比之下，的女性持有本科文凭(70%)，也有较多女性达到了学位水平(55%)。

　　3. In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. C5T1

　　1940，日本65岁以上人口的比例仅为5%，瑞典为7%，美国为9%。

　　以上句型难度系数，适用于比例句型出错率较高的同学，对于写作目标分5.5-6分的同学而言，以上句型为必须掌握句型。

　　02、解释+数据

　　解释+数据：*% of 总量 do something.

　　1. On average, 11% of all households, comprising(非谓语动词) almost two million people, were in this position. C4T1

　　平均而言，11%的家庭，包括近二百万人，在这个水平。

　　2. In contrast, older people were generally less likely to be poor, only 4% for aged couple, and 6% for single aged person respectively. C4T1

　　相比之下，老年人一般不太可能贫穷，分别只有4%的老年夫妇，和6%的单身老人(是贫穷的)。

　　3. By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%. C7T4

　　至2000年之前，煤炭已成为电力生产力超过75%的燃料，只有水力发电仍然是供应约20%的另一重要能源。

　　4. But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. C7T4

　　但到2000年，澳大利亚完全不使用的核能已经发展成为(法国的)主要能源，生产将近75%的电力，有126个units，而煤和石油总共只生产50个units。

　　5. Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively. A further 28% of global degradation in due to over-cultivation of crops. C8T1

　　全球65%的退化是由于动物放牧和树木清除过多造成的，分别占35%和30%。由于过度耕作而导致了全球更进一步28%的退化。

　　6. These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation, … C8T1

　　这些原因在20世纪90年代影响了不同的地区，欧洲因砍伐森林而造成的退化率高达9.8%。

　　7. The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women. C4T3

　　的性别差异是在毕业后学业水平，持有熟练职业文凭的人中有90%是男性，而女性只有10%。

　　应用：

　　Around 9% of population in the USA were aged 65 and over, compared with only 7% and 5% in Sweden and Japan respectively. (C5T1)

　　以上句型难度系数较低，但是灵活度较高，对于写作目标分6-6.5分的同学而言，以上句型为必须掌握句型。

　　03、动态图中比例增加或减少的体现

　　1. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countriesis expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040. C5T1

　　报告指出，预计到2040年，这三个的老年人口比例将增加到各自人口的将近25%。

　　2. However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the present time. C5T1

　　然而，当西方的数字在1990年左右增长到大约15%时，日本的数字在这个时期的大部分时间里只下降到2.5%，直到现在再次上升到几乎5%。

　　以上句型难度系数较低，完全基于动态句型，对于写作目标分5.5分以上的同学而言，以上句型为必须掌握句型。不会的同学，得先想想，是不是动态句型也没有地掌握呢?

　　04、With+非谓语动词

　　1.However, those consisting of one parent or a single adult had almost doubled this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively. C4T1

　　然而，由单亲或单身成年人组成的贫困人口比例几乎翻了一番，分别为21%和19%。

　　2. …while the impact of this on Oceania and North America was minimal, with only 1.7% and 0.2% of land affected respectively. C8T1

　　...虽然这对大洋洲和北美洲的影响是微乎其微的，只有1.7%和0.2%的土地分别受到影响。

　　以上句型具有难度，对于写作目标分6分以上的同学而言，以上句型为必须掌握句型。【不会使用非谓语动词的同学可学习《胡敏雅思教材第7代雅思核心语法基础版》中pp78-81的内容，了解关系从句与非谓语动词作后置定语的用法】

　　05、占比例词组的正确打开方式

　　占比例词组：Constitute, account for, make up, represents.

　　1. At the higher levels of education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterpart (70% and 30%, respectively), and also constituted 60% of Master’s graduates. C4T3

　　在高等教育水平，拥有研究生文凭的男性明显多于女性(分别为70%和30%)，也占硕士研究生的60%。

　　2. Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constituting 35% and 30% respectively. C8T1

　　在全球范围内，65%的退化是由于动物放牧和树木清除过多造成的，分别占(退化总量的)35%和30%。

　　3. A German text occupies about 30% more space than its English translation.

　　德语文本比英语翻译多占据了30%的篇幅。【occupy强调的是时间和空间的占用，所以使用的时候请小心哦】

　　4. Oxygen makes up roughly 20% of the atmosphere.

　　氧气占大气的20%左右。

　　5. Chinese business represents 73% of the Indonesian corporate sector.

　　中国企业占印尼企业总数的73%。

　　以上句型具有难度，对于写作目标分6分以上的同学而言，以上句型为必须掌握句型。

　　讲到现在，不知道同学们能否修改放在文章前端的两个错句呢?以下是表达这个意思的正确打开方式，快来检测一下你有没有学会正确去表达比例!

　　1. The percentage of electricity produced by coal was 40% in 1980.

　　2. Electricity produced by coal constituted 40% of total electricity produced in 1980.

　　3. 40% of electricity was produced by coal in 1980.