剑桥雅思6：Test1雅思阅读 PASSAGE 1原文+真题+答案

　　READING

　　READING PASSAGE 1

　　You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1 -13, which are based on Reading Passage 1below,

　　你应该花大约20分钟来回答问题1-13，这些问题基于下面的阅读通道1，、

　　A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more thantheir fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. Haw do they do it? A big part ofthe secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by

　　A他们打得很努力，他们经常比赛，他们为了赢而比赛。澳大利亚体操队赢得的超过了他们应得的份额，似乎轻松地击败了对手。他们会这么做吗?秘密的一个很大的部分是一个广泛而昂贵的体育学院网络。

　　science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters andpros live and train under the eyes of coaches, Another body the Australian Sports Commission(ASC). finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmenand women. Both provide intensive coaching. training facilities and nưtntional advice.

　　科学和医学。在澳大利亚体育学院(AIS)，数百名年轻人和职业选手在教练的眼皮底下生活和训练，这是澳大利亚体育委员会(ASC)的另一个机构。资助为数千名运动员和妇女举办的总共96项运动的方案。两家公司都提供强化培训。培训设施和ư的传统建议。

　　B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sportsscientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research

　　在学院里，科学占据了中心位置。AIS雇用了100多名体育科学家和医生，并与数十名大学和研究人员合作。

　　centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such asbuilding muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backedup by technicians who design instruments to collect data (rom athletes. They all focus on oneaim: winning. 'We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't helpthe coach work with an athlete and improve performance, ' says Peter Fricker chief of

　　中心。认可机构的科学家们在多项运动中开展工作，将从一项运动中学到的技能--例如培养高尔夫球手的肌肉力量--应用于其他运动，如游泳和壁球。他们是技术人员的支持，他们设计仪器来收集数据(rom运动员)。他们都专注于一个目标：胜利。“我们不能把时间浪费在空想的科学问题上，这些问题无助于教练与运动员合作，成绩，”彼得·弗里克(PeterFricker)说。

　　science at AIS.

　　AIS的科学。

　　- A lot of their work comes down to measurement - everything from the exact angle of aswimmer's dive to the second-by-second power output of a cydist. This data is used to wringimprovements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze anextra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to botherwith. lt's the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world- beating results. To demonstratehow the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows aff the prototype of a 3D analysis tool forstudying swimmers. A wire. ·frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, herarms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes.From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will, enablehim to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason'scontribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis)system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras

　　-他们的工作都归结于测量--从阿斯维默潜水的确切角度到苏铁人每秒的功率输出，一切都是如此。这些数据被用来从运动员身上获得进步。重点是个人，调整表演，以挤出额外的百分之一秒，在这里多一毫米。任何收获都不会太小，不会让人烦恼。它是微小的，渐进的改进，加在一起，达到了世界的效果。为了证明这个系统是如何工作的，AIS的BruceMason展示了一个用于研究游泳者的3D分析工具的原型。一根电线。·游泳的框架模型在水中划过，她的手臂慢动作。从上面，梅森分析了她的脊柱是如何旋转的。当充分开发，这一系统将使他能够建立一个生物力学的轮廓，以供教练使用，以帮助萌芽的游泳运动员。梅森对体育的贡献还包括目前在澳大利亚全国比赛中使用的游泳分析系统的发展。它从数码相机上收集图像。

　　running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance intofactors that can be analysed individually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration ofeach stroke, velocity. start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spitsout data on each swimmer.

　　以每秒50帧的速度运行，并分解运动员每一部分的表现，这些因素可以单独分析--行程长度、程频率、平均持续时间、速度。开始，圈和完成时间，等等。在每一场比赛结束时，天鹅都会向每个游泳运动员吐出数据。

　　D 'Take a look, ' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers insecond and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. Sowhy did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? 'His turn times were 44 hundredths of asecond behind the other guy, says Mason.'lf he can improve on his turns, he can do muchbetter.' This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to a range of sports.With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are

　　“看一看，”梅森说，掏出一张数据。他指出了第二名和第三名选手的数据，这表明第三名的选手实际上游得更快。那么，他为什么要以35分之一秒的成绩结束呢?梅森说：“他的转弯次数比另一个人差44百分之一。如果他能自己的轮值，他就能做得。”这是AIS科学家的研究为一系列运动带来的精确性。与墨尔本的微型技术合作研究中心一起，他们是

　　developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoesto monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impacton an athlete's ability to run.There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker givesthe example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds Il or 12 times a year. Afteryears of experimentation, AlS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developeda test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglabulin A is present inathletes' saliva. If lgA levels suddenly fall below a cer tain level, training is eased or dropped

　　研制一种不显眼的传感器，将其嵌入运动员的衣服或跑鞋中，以监测心率、出汗、发热或任何其他可能影响运动员跑步能力的因素。这不仅仅是测量成绩。弗里克给出了运动员的例子，他们可能患有咳嗽和感冒，每年有1次或12次。经过多年的实验，ALS和新南威尔士的纽卡斯尔大学发展了一项测试，测量运动员唾液中免疫系统蛋白A的含量。如果lga水平突然下降到某一特定水平以下，则训练将被放松或下降。

　　altogether. Soon. lgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were

　　总之。很快。LGA水平又开始上升，危险就过去了。因为测试是

　　introduced, AlS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.

　　介绍说，ALS运动员在所有运动中保持健康是成功的。

　　E Using data is a complex business, Well before a championship, sports scientists and coachesstart to prepare the athlete by developing a 'competition model", based on what they expectwill be the winning times. 'You design the model to make that time, ' says Mason. 'A start of thismuch, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and strokelength, with turns done in these times:' All the training is then geared towards making the athletehit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have

　　使用数据是一项复杂的工作，早在锦标赛开始之前，体育科学家和教练就开始根据他们预期的获胜时间，为运动员做好准备。梅森说：“你设计这个模型就是为了让时间变得。每个自由游泳阶段都必须这么快，每个自由泳周期都必须如此快，的划水频率和仰卧起坐，在这些时候进行：‘所有的训练都是为了让运动员达到这些目标，无论是在总体上，还是在比赛的每一环节，像这样的技术都是如此。”

　　transformed Australia into arguably the world's most successful spor ting nation.

　　澳大利亚可以说是世界上最成功的喷泉国。

　　F Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying - and many have tried. Some yearsago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic

　　当然，没有什么可以阻止其他抄袭--而且许多已经尝试过了。几年前，AIS为耐力运动员推出了冷冻剂衬里的夹克.在亚特兰大奥运会上

　　Games in 1996. these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now

　　1996年的比赛。这些削减了多达2%的自行车运动员和划船者的时间。现在

　　everyone uses them. The same has happened to the 'altitudte tent', developed by AIS to replicatethe effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easilycopied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all. encompassing system.

　　每个人都用它们。AIS开发的“高原帐篷”也发生了同样的情况，以复制海拔高度训练的效果。但是，澳大利亚的成功故事不仅仅是简单复制的技术修正，到目前为止，还没有一个复制过它的全部。包括系统。

　　Questions I-7

　　问题一-7

　　Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

　　阅读通道1有六段，A-F。

　　Which paragraph contains the following information?

　　哪一段包含以下信息?

　　Write the correct letter, A- -F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB

　　在答题纸上的方框1-7中写出正确的字母A-F。

　　You may use any letter more than once.

　　你可以使用任何字母。

　　1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity

　　1提及不同运动场之间的专门知识交流2说明如何在调查中使用视觉成像，3这是缩小研究活动范围的原因。

　　4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced

　　4 AIS的一些想法是如何被复制的?

　　5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated

　　5如何调查实现成绩的障碍

　　6 an overview of the funded support of athletes

　　6运动员资金支持概况

　　7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event

　　7如何在事件发生前计算性能要求

　　Questions 8 -11

　　问题8-11

　　Classify the ollowing techniques according to whether the writer stales they

　　根据作者是否对其进行分类，将其归为褪色技术。

　　A are currently exclusively used by Australians

　　A目前只供澳大利亚人使用。

　　B will be used in the future by Australians

　　未来澳大利亚人将使用

　　C are currently used by both Australians and their rivals

　　C目前被澳大利亚人和他们的竞争对手所使用。

　　Write the correct letter, A, Bor c, in boxes8-11 on your answer sheet.

　　把正确的字母A，BOR c，写在答题纸上的8-11方框中。

　　8 cameras9 sensors

　　8个摄像头9个传感器

　　10 protein tests11 altitude tents

　　10种蛋白质测试11种海拔高度

　　Questions 12 and 13.

　　问题12和13。

　　Answer the questions below.

　　回答以下问题。

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS ANDIOR A NUMBER from the passage foreach answer.

　　从前面回答的段落中选择不超过三个单词和一个数字。

　　Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheel.

　　把你的答案写在你的答案Sheel上的第12和13框中。

　　12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?

　　有什么可以帮助运动员计划他们在项目中的表现?

　　13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?

　　13在1996年奥运会上，一些自行车运动员的成绩了多少?

　　Reading Passage 1, Questions 1-l3

　　1 B

　　2　C

　　3

　　4 F

　　5 D

　　б A

　　7 E

　　8 A

　　9.B

　　11 c

　　12 (a) competition model

　　13 (by) 2 per centP/a